javascript.md

---
layout: docs
title: JavaScript
description: Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more.
group: getting-started
toc: true
---

## Individual or compiled

Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual `js/dist/*.js`), or all at once using `bootstrap.js` or the minified `bootstrap.min.js` (don't include both).

If you use a bundler (Webpack, Rollup...), you can use `/js/dist/*.js` files which are UMD ready.

## Using Bootstrap as a module

We provide a version of Bootstrap built as `ESM` (`bootstrap.esm.js` and `bootstrap.esm.min.js`) which allows you to use Bootstrap as a module in your browser, if your [targeted browsers support it](https://caniuse.com/#feat=es6-module).

{% highlight html %}
<script type="module">
  import { Toast } from 'bootstrap.esm.min.js'

  Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.toast'))
    .forEach(toastNode => new Toast(toastNode))
</script>
{% endhighlight %}

{% capture callout %}
## Incompatible plugins

Due to browser limitations, some of our plugins, namely Dropdown, Tooltip and Popover plugins, cannot be used in a `<script>` tag with `module` type because they depend on Popper.js. For more information about the issue see [here](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/primers/modules#specifiers).
{% endcapture %}
{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}

## Dependencies

Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs.

Our dropdowns, popovers and tooltips also depend on [Popper.js](https://popper.js.org/).

## Data attributes

Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to **only use one set of data attributes on a single element** (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)

However, in some situations it may be desirable to disable this functionality. To disable the data attribute API, unbind all events on the document namespaced with `data-api` like so:

{% highlight js %}
$(document).off('.data-api')
{% endhighlight %}

Alternatively, to target a specific plugin, just include the plugin's name as a namespace along with the data-api namespace like this:

{% highlight js %}
$(document).off('.alert.data-api')
{% endhighlight %}

{% capture callout %}
## Selectors

Currently to query DOM elements we use the native methods `querySelector` and `querySelectorAll` for performance reasons, so you have to use [valid selectors](https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier).
If you use special selectors, for example: `collapse:Example` be sure to escape them.
{% endcapture %}
{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}

## Events

Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins' unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. `show`) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. `shown`) is triggered on the completion of an action.

All infinitive events provide [`preventDefault()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/preventDefault) functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call `preventDefault()`.

{% highlight js %}
$('#myModal').on('show.bs.modal', function (e) {
  if (!data) {
    return e.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown
  }
})
{% endhighlight %}

## Programmatic API

We also believe you should be able to use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the JavaScript API. All public APIs are single, chainable methods, and return the collection acted upon.

{% highlight js %}
$('.btn.danger').button('toggle').addClass('fat')
{% endhighlight %}

All methods should accept an optional options object, a string which targets a particular method, or nothing (which initiates a plugin with default behavior):

{% highlight js %}
$('#myModal').modal() // initialized with defaults
$('#myModal').modal({ keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard
$('#myModal').modal('show') // initializes and invokes show immediately
{% endhighlight %}

Each plugin also exposes its raw constructor on a `Constructor` property: `$.fn.popover.Constructor`. If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, retrieve it directly from an element: `$('[rel="popover"]').data('popover')`.

### Asynchronous functions and transitions

All programmatic API methods are **asynchronous** and return to the caller once the transition is started but **before it ends**.

In order to execute an action once the transition is complete, you can listen to the corresponding event.

{% highlight js %}
$('#myCollapse').on('shown.bs.collapse', function (e) {
  // Action to execute once the collapsible area is expanded
})
{% endhighlight %}

In addition a method call on a **transitioning component will be ignored**.

{% highlight js %}
$('#myCarousel').on('slid.bs.carousel', function (e) {
  $('#myCarousel').carousel('2') // Will slide to the slide 2 as soon as the transition to slide 1 is finished
})

$('#myCarousel').carousel('1') // Will start sliding to the slide 1 and returns to the caller
$('#myCarousel').carousel('2') // !! Will be ignored, as the transition to the slide 1 is not finished !!
{% endhighlight %}

### Default settings

You can change the default settings for a plugin by modifying the plugin's `Constructor.Default` object:

{% highlight js %}
// changes default for the modal plugin's `keyboard` option to false
$.fn.modal.Constructor.Default.keyboard = false
{% endhighlight %}

## No conflict

Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call `.noConflict` on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.

{% highlight js %}
var bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
$.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
{% endhighlight %}

## Version numbers

The version of each of Bootstrap's plugins can be accessed via the `VERSION` property of the plugin's constructor. For example, for the tooltip plugin:

{% highlight js %}
$.fn.tooltip.Constructor.VERSION // => "{{ site.current_version }}"
{% endhighlight %}

## No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled

Bootstrap's plugins don't fall back particularly gracefully when JavaScript is disabled. If you care about the user experience in this case, use [`<noscript>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript) to explain the situation (and how to re-enable JavaScript) to your users, and/or add your own custom fallbacks.

{% capture callout %}
##### Third-party libraries

**Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries** like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite `.noConflict` and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own.
{% endcapture %}
{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}

## Sanitizer

Tooltips and Popovers use our built-in sanitizer to sanitize options which accept HTML.

The default `whiteList` value is the following:

{% highlight js %}
var ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = /^aria-[\w-]*$/i
var DefaultWhitelist = {
  // Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.
  '*': ['class', 'dir', 'id', 'lang', 'role', ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN],
  a: ['target', 'href', 'title', 'rel'],
  area: [],
  b: [],
  br: [],
  col: [],
  code: [],
  div: [],
  em: [],
  hr: [],
  h1: [],
  h2: [],
  h3: [],
  h4: [],
  h5: [],
  h6: [],
  i: [],
  img: ['src', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height'],
  li: [],
  ol: [],
  p: [],
  pre: [],
  s: [],
  small: [],
  span: [],
  sub: [],
  sup: [],
  strong: [],
  u: [],
  ul: []
}
{% endhighlight %}

If you want to add new values to this default `whiteList` you can do the following:

{% highlight js %}
var myDefaultWhiteList = $.fn.tooltip.Constructor.Default.whiteList

// To allow table elements
myDefaultWhiteList.table = []

// To allow td elements and data-option attributes on td elements
myDefaultWhiteList.td = ['data-option']

// You can push your custom regex to validate your attributes.
// Be careful about your regular expressions being too lax
var myCustomRegex = /^data-my-app-[\w-]+/
myDefaultWhiteList['*'].push(myCustomRegex)
{% endhighlight %}

If you want to bypass our sanitizer because you prefer to use a dedicated library, for example [DOMPurify](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dompurify), you should do the following:

{% highlight js %}
$('#yourTooltip').tooltip({
  sanitizeFn: function (content) {
    return DOMPurify.sanitize(content)
  }
})
{% endhighlight %}

## Compatibility with IE 11

Bootstrap v5 isn't designed to work with Internet Explorer 11, but you can add the following polyfills to make it work:

{% highlight html %}
<!-- Polyfill.io will load polyfills your browser needs -->
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js"></script>
<script>
  // Fix preventDefault for IE
  (function () {
    var workingDefaultPrevented = (function () {
      var e = document.createEvent('CustomEvent')
      e.initEvent('Bootstrap', true, true)
      e.preventDefault()
      return e.defaultPrevented
    })()

    if (!workingDefaultPrevented) {
      var origPreventDefault = Event.prototype.preventDefault
      Event.prototype.preventDefault = function () {
        if (!this.cancelable) {
          return
        }

        origPreventDefault.call(this)
        Object.defineProperty(this, 'defaultPrevented', {
          get: function () {
            return true
          },
          configurable: true
        })
      }
    }
  })()
</script>
{% endhighlight %}