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Mark Otto authoredb6b7d134
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Bootstrap, from Twitter</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML elements --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!-- Le styles --> <link href="../bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="../bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="assets/css/docs.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="assets/js/google-code-prettify/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Le fav and touch icons --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="assets/ico/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> </head> <body data-spy="scroll" data-target=".subnav" data-offset="50"> <!-- Navbar ================================================== --> <div class="navbar navbar-fixed"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container"> <a class="brand" href="./index.html">Bootstrap</a> <ul class="nav"> <li class=""> <a href="./index.html">Overview</a> </li> <li class="active"> <a href="./scaffolding.html">Scaffolding</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="./base-css.html">Base CSS</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="./components.html">Components</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="./javascript.html">Javascript plugins</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="./less.html">Using LESS</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="./download.html">Download</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <!-- Masthead ================================================== --> <header class="jumbotron subhead" id="overview"> <h1>Scaffolding</h1> <p class="lead">Bootstrap is built on a responsive 12-column grid. We've also included fixed- and fluid-width layouts based on that system.</p> <div class="subnav">7172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140
<ul class="nav pills">
<li><a href="#grid-system">Grid system</a></li>
<li><a href="#layouts">Layouts</a></li>
<li><a href="#responsive">Responsive design</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Grid system
================================================== -->
<section id="grid-system">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Grid system <small>12 columns with a responsive twist</small></h1>
</div>
<h2>Default 940px grid</h2>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
<div class="span1">1</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span4">4</div>
<div class="span4">4</div>
<div class="span4">4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span4">4</div>
<div class="span8">8</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span6">6</div>
<div class="span6">6</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span12">12</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<p>The default grid system provided as part of Bootstrap is a <strong>940px-wide, 12-column grid</strong>.</p>
<p>It also has three responsive variations for various devices and resolutions: phone, tablet, and large widescreen desktops.</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">...</div>
<div class="span8">...</div>
</div>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<p>As shown here, a basic layout can be created with two "columns," each spanning a number of the 12 foundational columns we defined as part of our grid system.</p>
</div>
</div><!-- /row -->
<h2>Offsetting columns</h2>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span4">4</div>
141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210
<div class="span4 offset4">4 offset 4</div>
</div><!-- /row -->
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span3 offset3">3 offset 3</div>
<div class="span3 offset3">3 offset 3</div>
</div><!-- /row -->
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span8 offset4">8 offset 4</div>
</div><!-- /row -->
<br>
<h2>Nesting columns</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="span6">
<p>With the static (non-fluid) grid system in Bootstrap, nesting is easy. To nest your content, just add a new <code>.row</code> and set of <code>.span*</code> columns within an existing <code>.span*</code> column.</p>
<h4>Example</h4>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span6">
Level 1 of column
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="span3">
Level 2
</div>
<div class="span3">
Level 2
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span6">
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
<div class="row">
<div class="span12">
Level 1 of column
<div class="row">
<div class="span6">Level 2</div>
<div class="span6">Level 2</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Grid customization</h2>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Default value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>@gridColumns</code></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>Number of columns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@gridColumnWidth</code></td>
<td>60px</td>
<td>Width of each column</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@gridGutterWidth</code></td>
<td>20px</td>
<td>Negative space between columns</td>
211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@siteWidth</code></td>
<td><em>Computed sum of all columns and gutters</em></td>
<td>Counts number of columns and gutters to set width of the <code>.container-fixed()</code> mixin</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<h3>Variables in LESS</h3>
<p>Built into Bootstrap are a handful of variables for customizing the default 940px grid system, documented above. All variables for the grid are stored in variables.less.</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h3>How to customize</h3>
<p>Modifying the grid means changing the three <code>@grid*</code> variables and recompiling Bootstrap. Change the grid variables in variables.less and use one of the <a href="#compiling">four ways documented to recompile</a>. If you're adding more columns, be sure to add the CSS for those in grid.less.</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h3>Staying responsive</h3>
<p>Customization of the grid only works at the default level, the 940px grid. To maintain the responsive aspects of Bootstrap, you'll also have to customize the grids in responsive.less.</p>
</div>
</div><!-- /row -->
</section>
<!-- Layouts (Default and fluid)
================================================== -->
<section id="layouts">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Layouts <small>Basic templates to create webpages</small></h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span6">
<h2>Fixed layout</h2>
<p>The default and simple 940px-wide, centered layout for just about any website or page provided by a single <code><div class="container"></code>.</p>
<div class="mini-layout">
<div class="mini-layout-body"></div>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
<body>
<div class="container">
...
</div>
</body>
</pre>
</div><!-- /col -->
<div class="span6">
<h2>Fluid layout</h2>
<p><code><div class="fluid-container"></code> gives flexible page structure, min- and max-widths, and a left-hand sidebar. It's great for apps and docs.</p>
<div class="mini-layout fluid">
<div class="mini-layout-sidebar"></div>
<div class="mini-layout-body"></div>
</div>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
<body>
<div class="fluid-container sidebar-left">
<div class="fluid-sidebar">
...
</div>
<div class="fluid-content">
...
</div>
</div>
</body>
</pre>
</div><!-- /col -->
</div><!-- /row -->
281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350
</section>
<!-- Responsive design
================================================== -->
<section id="responsive">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Responsive design <small>Media queries for various devices and resolutions</small></h1>
</div>
<!-- Supported devices -->
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<img src="assets/img/responsive-illustrations.png" alt="Responsive devices">
</div>
<div class="span8">
<h2>Supported devices</h2>
<p>Bootstrap supports a handful of media queries to help make your projects more appropriate on different devices and screen resolutions. Here's what's included:</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Label</th>
<th>Layout width</th>
<th>Column width</th>
<th>Gutter width</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Smartphones</td>
<td>480px and below</td>
<td class="muted" colspan="2">Fluid columns, no fixed widths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Portrait tablets</td>
<td>480px to 768px</td>
<td class="muted" colspan="2">Fluid columns, no fixed widths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Landscape tablets</td>
<td>768px to 940px</td>
<td>44px</td>
<td>20px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Default</td>
<td>940px and up</td>
<td>60px</td>
<td>20px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large display</td>
<td>1210px and up</td>
<td>70px</td>
<td>30px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>What they do</h3>
<p>Media queries allow for custom CSS based on a number of conditions—ratios, widths, display type, etc—but usually focuses around <code>min-width</code> and <code>max-width</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Modify the width of column in our grid</li>
<li>Stack elements instead of float wherever necessary</li>
<li>Resize headings and text to be more appropriate for devices</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414
<br>
<!-- Media query code -->
<h2>Using the media queries</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="span5">
<p>Bootstrap doesn't automatically include these media queries, but understanding and adding them is very easy and requires minimal setup. You have a few options for including the responsive features of Bootstrap:</p>
<ol>
<li>Use the compiled responsive version, bootstrap-reponsive.css</li>
<li>Add @import "responsive.less" and recompile Bootstrap</li>
<li>Modify and recompile responsive.less as a separate</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Why not just include it?</strong> Truth be told, not everything needs to be responsive. Instead of encouraging developers to remove this feature, we figure it best to enable it.</p>
</div>
<div class="span7">
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
// Landscape phones and down
@media (max-width: 480px) { ... }
// Landscape phone to portrait tablet
@media (max-width: 768px) { ... }
// Portrait tablet to landscape and desktop
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 940px) { ... }
// Large desktop
@media (min-width: 1210px) { .. }
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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