Fixes #13202: Always use overflow: auto; on .table-responsive to prevent content breaking out of containers

Fixes #14095: Add basic styling for captions, which we've for some reason been missing all this time.

if background is not set on row, striping doesn't work properly in responsive tables where row and cells are set to  display: block.

Table-responsive: changed overflow-x to auto to hide scrollbar when it's not overflown, fixes #13669.

Safari renders this fine for one reason or another, but Chrome still renders the media query styles to make tables responsive. This change scopes them to screen devices only, so printing looks boss everywhere.

This changes the order of component variations throughout the repo (code and docs) to be more consistent.
The order now used everywhere is the one most frequently found in the repo before:
Default, Primary, Success, Info, Warning, Danger

Fixes #11623: Reset position to static for grid columns within tables to unfuck borders in IE9/10 and Firefox

fixes #10526: Remove custom background on responsive tables and set it in the docs where it should've been originally

fixes #10521: Only remove bottom-border from last row of cells in tbody and tfoot within responsive tables

Fixed Table cell sizing with multiple classes by using *= instead of ^=

* Cuts  close to 100 lines of CSS from the table CSS
* File size aside, this drastically simplifies CSS for folks looking to
build on top of the `.table-bordered` option as a starting point

Needs work though—we shouldn't be setting this stuff with the attribute
selectors, but it's the easiest solution for now.