I was thinking about Jerry Harrison [edit] and David Robinson, who were in the original Modern Lovers with Jonathan Richman, and then joined the Talking Heads and the Cars, respectively. And I couldn't think of too many other musicians who were in two great bands, where the second one wasn't just their solo vehicle (ie. Plastic Ono Band or Foo Fighters). The only other name that came to mind was Janet Weiss (Sleater-Kinney, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks).
So who else have you got, r/music? Who else made lighting strike twice?