Strep throat is a great example. Group A streptococcus causes -

Strep throat

Scarlet Fever

Impetigo

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Cellulitis

Streptococcal Toxic Shock

Rheumatic Fever

Glomerulonephritis

There's even Pediatric Auto-immune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) which suggests anorexia may be caused by a strep A infection