Other people had mentioned various standards that exist.

But I just want to point out that color perception is extremely subjective even when you account for the physical and biomechanical factors (ie. what light come into your eye, what cone cells you have). Even if 2 people see the exact same light they can still perceive different colors. It's not just abut the actual lightning condition, it's also about what they believe the lightning condition to be. And then there is also a matter of optical illusion. For example, human eye has edge detecting capability, and we will perceive colors next to an edge with more contrast.