In a way no: electricity can kill by stopping the muscles of the circulatory system, mainly heart and diaphragm, or burn due to high resistance. Microorganisms usually lack a circulatory system or are too small to provide any real resistance. And electricity doesn’t remove physical contaminates.

In a way yes: if you filter the water add salt and apply direct current you can make a weak solution of sodium hypochlorite or bleach (0.8% vs household/laundry bleach 5.5%). That can be used to disinfect other amounts of water. It’s a pretty controlled process and uses a lot of energy look up on-site generation for more info. Also, don’t drink bleach. Unless you have Covid lol.

Anecdotal experience: I was a pump operator for storm water and potable water systems. One of the older lift stations for storm water used 120 volt electrodes for its control circuit. So the wet well would have 120v in it. During maintenance periods we had to go in and vacuum out trash and sediments from the bottom. The water was not clean and you would find mosquito larvae swimming around. We also used on site chlorine generators for our drinking water wells.