JohnnyJordaan
JohnnyJordaan t1_jdulje6 wrote
Reply to comment by Imhumanator in ELI5: How is there enough water pressure to delivery water to every home and apartment in a city? by Maxweilla
In a large building the pressure would generally be higher in the lower floors as there’s more water ‘leaning’ on it from all the floors above it. However as there are safety regulations for the maximum pressure at any point in the system, they often use pressure valves to make sure it will not rise above a certain pressure (eg 75 psi). So that way you generally won’t notice a difference between the floors in a building. In a small building without pressure valves it’s true that the lower floors will have the highest pressure.
JohnnyJordaan t1_jdsi8n1 wrote
Reply to ELI5: How is there enough water pressure to delivery water to every home and apartment in a city? by Maxweilla
They are local pumps in various part of the system to ensure the local pressure is high enough to reach around 6 stories high while then still having enough pressure coming out the tap on the top floor. Buildings that are larger than that needs to use their own pump to pressurise it further to reach the higher floors. They often combine it with a water storage tank on the roof, to not require huge pumps to meet demand when everyone is taking a shower at the same time.
JohnnyJordaan t1_jdsgphd wrote
Note that what's called a 'cable' is not just one single transmission line, it's a bundle of tens of fiber optic cables (strands of transparent plastic). They work by laser light that's shone through them and flickers in an extremely high frequency to deliver gigabits or even terabits of data per second per fiber. Modern versions even use multiple lasers with different colors to transmit multiple streams of data through the same fiber. As the plastic isn't perfect, after a distance of a few hundred miles they need a receiver (an electronic 'eye' to see the laser signals) connected to a new set of lasers to 'repeat' the data for the next few hundred miles. These are powered by separate power lines in the cable, with a very high voltage to be able to travel such a long distance without losing too much power in the cable itself.
As a sidenote, specifically for repetitive stuff like cat videos or your latest Netflix series, video websites and streaming services use local servers in every part of the world to serve the content to the local users. They in turn request the data from centralised servers, but that only has to be done once per chunk of video, saving a lot of bandwith. This is called 'caching' and removes the need for most of the basic internet stuff to have to cross the Atlantic all the time. It's also noticeable when you watch more obscure videos or listen to less popular music that it sometimes takes a few extra seconds to start playback. This is caused by the local server not having the content ready and first has to get it from the central server(s).
JohnnyJordaan t1_j95ej4n wrote
Reply to comment by diamondpredator in Why are fevers cyclical? by Key-Marionberry-9854
It doesn't outright kill individual pathogens, but it does combine the effects of making it harder for them to survive (so letting the population die out) and increased production and activation of immune cells. But that doesn't mean it's a better environment for them than normal body temperature, as of course the system is designed to handle 99% of the infections in that condition. Fever really is the fallback scenario where all bets are off until they fix the issue, causing all the other effects we call 'being sick'.
JohnnyJordaan t1_jdupfmm wrote
Reply to comment by fiendishrabbit in ELI5: How is there enough water pressure to delivery water to every home and apartment in a city? by Maxweilla
Those are indeed important advantages but not strict requirements for the system to function, I meant it in that regard.