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Cooling magnets is important when those magnets are superconducting electromagnets. An electromagnet produces a magnetic field by passing electricity through coils of wire. If you want a powerful field you need a lot of electricity, and to do this efficiently you want the coils of wire to have low electrical resistance.

The magnets on the ITER use huge amounts of electricity, enough to just melt normal wires into a puddle. Instead they are made out of superconducting materials which have basically zero electric resistance. They need this in order to work, but the only materials we know of that can be superconducting are only that way when very cold. Keeping the magnets cold then is crucial to them working at all.

I think that is an anecdote with questionable validity. Crows have instincts to crack nuts on hard surfaces in general, not just roadways. If crows have been dropping nuts onto rocks for thousands of years then dropping them onto roads may not be considered tool use since there is no way to establish that they understand the role of the cars in cracking the nuts.

One big difference is that the animal is using a tool towards a specific, understood goal instead of blind instinct.

For example a wasp can build a nest out of mud and a beaver can build a dam from wood and mud, but the beaver will also try to pack wood and mud over a speaker making the noise of running water. The beaver isn't making the dam with the intent to create a lake, it is doing it because a set of instincts tells it to.

In contrast a raven that uses a stick to reach a piece of food, or better yet to trigger a mechanism to release food, is using a tool to achieve an understood objective. There is no instinct to use a stick to trigger a mechanism, the raven could only be doing that because it understands the task and the tool use.

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Asking why fictional things aren't real is not a complex topic to be explained. The answer is simple and obvious.

Why can't we build space ships like Star Trek? Because we don't know how. Why don't we build robots like I, Robot? Because we don't know how. Why don't we have cyberware like in Cyberpunk: Edgerunners? Because we don't know how.

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Stars and nebula are really big. If you can for example see a mountain that is 30 miles away with a telescope that doesn't mean that you can count the eyelashes of a person only a mile away. The mountain is so much bigger than the eyelashes that even at that distance it is much easier to see.

For example the Carina Nebula is 230 light years across, while a planet like Jupiter is 139,820 kilometers in diameter. So that is 139,820 kilometers across vs. 2,176,000,000,000,000 kilometers across. Even if the Carina Nebula is much more distant it can be easier to see than Jupiter.

> This is the same reason you “hear the ocean” when you put a shell to your ear.

This is incorrect. The noise heard from a shell or cup is ambient sound echoing around inside the container, not blood flow. You can prove this yourself by taking a cup and pushing it against your head so it seals around the edges. The rushing sound will greatly diminish (some will still leak through or be vibrating the cup itself), while of course blood continues to flow in your head.

> I was going with the idea of her being installed with an illusion of course, when she was very young, but at least able to speak clearly, as she is just a mouthpiece for the priesthood.

What I was getting at is that even if she was installed when she was 10 years old and given a script to read from, she would have an illusion to make her look 30-something years old. But unless she was emulating someone who actually existed, that person would apparently have come out of thin air. How would they get around the concept that this woman who was presumably a princess or some kind of royalty beforehand had never been met or even seen before that point?

Also in a practical sense how do you install a queen that is supposedly in her forties but is actually much younger? How would you explain where she came from if you are missing a good 20 or so years from her life? How do you fake the parentage of a queen?

The idea is to have a color which is unique to the background or a portion of the image which is to be removed or altered. Blue is another color commonly used but red is avoided because humans tend to be somewhat pink in our fleshy bits which could be confused for the screen.

Another benefit of using green is that many digital image sensors have more green subpixels than blue or red. This is because the human eye is most able to detect differences in shades of green so maximizing fidelity in that range yields a better image. But this also means that cameras effectively have a higher resolution for the color green so a mask made using that color can be better than with a different color.

Foods usually "go bad" because of the action of tiny organisms called "bacteria". These bacteria eat the food and poop out waste which can be toxic to humans. Bacteria also reproduce very quickly so even a few hours in the right conditions for their growth can result in dangerously spoiled food.

Cooking usually kills all the bacteria but it won't get rid of the poisonous poo, which is why you can't make spoiled food safe just by cooking it.

Raw chicken is dangerous because it can contain live salmonella bacteria which can make humans sick. Cooking the chicken kills the bacteria so they can't infect people, but allowing raw chicken to contaminate cooked items will result in people eating raw chicken and potentially live salmonella, which would be bad.

Cooked chicken on the other hand is safe to eat though so the raw chicken isn't going to be contaminated by touching it. Of course cooked chicken isn't safe forever so if the cooked chicken has had time to spoil then it can have a bunch of poison bacteria poo in it. There could also be a larger population of bacteria on the spoiled cooked chicken than initially on the raw chicken, reducing the time before the raw chicken spoils itself.