They do have a Father/Librarian (Father Justin Sinates) who is actually a Texan.

Yes I think you can visit, though not easily since it is smack on the middle of the Sinai Peninsula and there are ongoing issues with militants.

There are a number of these mechanical devices (even a form of steam engine) - look up Hero of Alexandria. They didn’t make the leap to using these machines in a mass-produced, industrial manner though; mainly just as curiosities. History would have turned out so differently had they been able to make the leap.

Not quite- it is short for High Precision PARallex COllecting Satellite.

Fun fact - the ESA astrometry mission HIPPARCOS in the late 80a was named partly after this astronomer.

There is a history of important discoveries using this technique- e.g. Archimedes Codex. One can only imagine and hope for more.

There are suggestions of sporadic rainfall and fluvial activity in the equatorial band so it isn’t impossible to see liquid - but it may present challenges.

There is a fair chance Dragonfly won’t see liquid - the mission is targeted to near equatorial areas, not the poles where the mares (seas) are.

No real way around it - getting to Jupiter takes time (especially for a heavy orbiter that can’t just zip by like the Pioneers, Voyagers or New Horizons - in which case it takes about a year). The SLS can do it in 2 and change, but it isn’t available (or even tested), a good fit with the spacecraft and would cost a neat billion more than FH.

The MEGA trajectory is relatively fast - not as fast as direct but not bad at all (compared to say Galileo, Cassini or even ESA’s JUICE).

Launch is only 2 years away.