ramriot

ramriot t1_izhmn8f wrote

Well apart from mapping the stellar distributions locally to get an idea of depth & feature of nearby arms the key way to get an overall idea if our galaxies shape is via radio observations if the neutral hydrogen emission line.

This emission line from hydrogen at a wavelength if 21cm can be plotted across the sky with variances in the frequency denoting relative velocity. combining this with models of the orbital velocity of matter in our galaxies helps in ascribing the emission to actual hydrogen clouds across the galaxy & thus builds up an overall map of matter distribution.

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ramriot t1_iyf2ms9 wrote

Certainly the pantelegraph of the 1860's was conceptually a scanning device to output a serial transmission. One could argue by the same logic that taking words in lines on a page, converting & transmitting them as telegraph code serially & assembling the output back into words on a page is the same concept, something Morse & others were doing in the 1840's.

In the end all discovery is seeing a little further by standing on the shoulders of giants. Which means we acknowledge what went before but also acknowledge the thing that makes something patentable i.e.

  1. Patentable subject matter, i.e., a kind of subject-matter eligible for patent protection
  2. Novel (i.e. at least some aspect of it must be new)
  3. Non-obvious (in United States patent law) or involve an inventive step (in European patent law)
  4. Useful (in U.S. patent law) or be susceptible of industrial application (in European patent law[1])
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ramriot t1_iyf05al wrote

Actually I'd deny Edison the electric light because he was never the first or even the 10th person to demonstrate the technology & he purchased several patents from others on his way to his "invention" . I will give him that he commercialised an integrated power distribution & lighting system (although it was DC).

Going back to the phonograph, that he perhaps was the first. I used that as a demonstration of the absurdity of calling Farnsworth the inventor of television when he clearly was not the 1st, given that his idea had more legs.

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ramriot t1_iye5rs5 wrote

Then we need to remove Thomas Edison from so many inventions because his invention was not something that could be long term commercialised. For example his phonograph was a cylinder that could not be duplicated like the disc recording system derived at Bell's Volta Labs.

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ramriot t1_iydckgh wrote

They both used a scanning line technique for camera & display. The key difference as I understand was that Biard's system was electromechanical while Farnsworth's was an all-electronic system. Baird was admittedly 1st, Farnsworth produced 2d something possibly independently that was more commercial & open to ongoing improvement.

If we follow the same logic for say the Phonograph then we acknowledge Edison for the cylinder phonograph but call Bell's Volta Laboratory the inventor of the modern disc phonograph.

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ramriot t1_ixbe0pp wrote

In summary, like lat & long on the earth, fixed objects can be referenced by Equatorial coordinates via two angles called Right Ascension ( 0h 0m 0s - 23h 59m 59s ) & Declination ( +90 degrees to -90 degrees ) plus an ephemeride date for historical reference because the zero point on both axis is defined to be the vernal equinox (the point in space where the Sun appears to cross from the southern to the northern hemisphere), but because the earth precesses this position changes, the orientation of the Earth's axial tilt changes, and with it the reference grid.

There is also Ecliptic coordinates where the zero declination is the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun, this coordinate system is useful sometimes for calculating planetary positions as this plane of the ecliptic is tilted by 23.5 degrees to the Equatorial coordinate system due to the Earth's axial tilt.

There are also Galactic coordinates where we still measure around the sky like the other two but put the approximate centre of the galaxy as our zero point in galactic longitude & orientate galactic latitude perpendicular to the plane of our host galaxy.

Finally no matter what coordinate system is in use an orbiting object in our solar system can have its position calculated for any reasonable point in time (barring interaction) with a set or elements that state things like the Semi Major Axis, longitude of the ascending node, ellipticity etc.

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ramriot t1_iw7247m wrote

This is why you turn on receipts, that way if you get a confusing response you can see the sent timestamp

BTW to see this in latest Android Messages app, hold down the message in question until it's highlighted, then touch the three dots in the upper right corner. Select "view details," and it will display both the time the message was sent and the time it was received.

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ramriot t1_iv43gz7 wrote

I don't doubt it.

I got a bus lane fine once (private company OBO council) , the lane started under an unlit railway bridge with an unlit warning sign. There was a prior warning sign further up the road but before the side road I turned into the main road from.

I wrote this all into my reply because no way I'm paying for that.

Ended up needing to write three more times as they kept referring it upwards.

My 3rd letter was supposed to be forwarded by them to the independent adjudicator & on this letter I added a post script to the effect that I will be copying all prior correspondence to the local MP who was collecting reports of such abuses.

Got a reply in under a week, to the effect that "since such considerable time has passed since the original infraction, they would be dropping the infraction".

I still passed on the letters & last I heard the company lost their contract & something like £45,000 in fines were returned.

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