Someone linked to a drawing in the very first comment.

Yes, humans for example. Any electric current will generate a magnetic field, and there is plenty of small electric currents flowing in your body right now. In your heart, your central and peripheral nervous systems, your muscles...

Bad headline. On space.com. Who'd a thunk?

A proof of concept has been tested. There is no instrument "ready to fly", nor has a mission been allocated to carry it.

There's a difference between a solar flare, and a coronal mass ejection and the effects they produce on or above the Earth. The A, B, C, M, X classes of flares refer to the peak energy measured at a specific X-Ray wavelength. This is omnidirectional high energy electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light. Such radiation does not pose a threat to electrical infrastructure or devices on the ground.

What do pose a threat are the CMEs often associated with solar flares. These are massive clouds of charged particles that generally spread out from site of a flare (a sunspot group) and expand out into the solar system at 1000 km/s or more. When these particles slam into and get trapped by Earth's geomagnetic field, huge electric currents can be produced which in turn can induce currents in transmission lines and other conductive paths on the surface. This can damage the electrical grid.

However, the location of the sunspot on the Sun largely determines the direction in which the CME expands out from the Sun. In reviewing the literature on the Halloween 2003 X28 (X45?) flare, I note that it occurred on November 4, when sunspot group 486 was nearing on the SW limb of the Sun. Any CME associated with that flare was aimed nearly 90° away from the Earth and would have delivered a glancing blow to the Earth, or none at all.

It's actually rotated left.

Relative to the rest of them, the Spitzer telescope image is:

• Rotated about 60° counterclockwise.
• A much wider field of view, making the "pillars" appear smaller.
• Lower contrast.
• Lower resolution.

They probably should've just left it out of the GIF.

It's not. The Xuntian telescope has a 2 m primary mirror.

It's possible, but Iridium flares are rather rare these days, with the majority of the original constellation having been deorbitted and replaced by satellites that don't flare. There's usually pretty obvious motion which OP didn't mention.

Deep space probes have radio transmitters and high -gain directional antennas aimed at Earth through which they send telemetry and science data, including the images captured by their onboard camera(s). These radio signals are received on Earth by the huge (70 m) radio antennas and sensitive receivers of NASA's Deep Space Network, with facilities located in Australia, Spain, and the US.

Sublimation of ice cools the ice left behind. Eventually the remaining ice will reach the temperature point in the ice/water/vapor pressure vs. temperature phase diagram at which ice is the equilibrium state. Below that temperature (somewhere below -100°C.) sublimation effectively stops.

This is why moons of the outer planets can have long-lived ice crusts exposed directly to the hard vacuum of space.

The loss of pressure would initially cause the water to boil. As the water boils to vapor, it cools the remaining water. Eventually the water would be cooled to the point it would freeze. After that the ice would sublimate to vapor.

Im not sure what you're asking, but I'm nearly certain the answer is No.

Europa's possible ocean is estimated to be 100-200km deep. Despite the great depth of the Europa's ocean, hydrostatic pressure at the seafloor would be 130-260 MPa, corresponding to 13-26 km depth of a theoretical Earth's ocean.

Speaking generally, yes. Consider just the three body system of the Sun, Didymos, and Dimorphos. Despite the huge difference in their masses, Didy and Dimo revolve about their mutual barycenter – like the Earth and Moon, or Pluto and Charon, or even the Sun and the planets. This barycenter follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun.

Perturbing Dimo's orbit, by changing its mass, and its average distance from and period around Didy also changed the barycenter of the system. Therefore the impact on Dimorphos did change the heliocentric orbit of the Didy-Dimo pair. But in the real multi-body universe, the extent of this change is infinitesimally tiny compared to all the other forces constantly tugging on the Didy-Dimo system.

The chances are 0.

The nearest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is tiny, with about 12% of the mass of the Sun. The minimum mass for a star to sustain fusion in its core is ~8-9% of a solar mass, so this is a really small, cool, dim red star. And yet, from Earth, this star has a visual magnitude of 11, which is quite bright for a star less than 0.2% as luminous as the Sun.

Proxima Centauri could hardly be any smaller or dimmer and still be a star, and yet it can be easily observed with modest equipment. Any nearer star likewise would have already been detected.

A simple Google Search yields Planned missions to Venus.

There are 6 planned for the next 9 years.

By the way, Venera 13 remained operational for over 2 hours on the surface of Venus.